Key Takeaway
Contrast therapy shows promise for musculoskeletal pain via alternating vasodilation and vasoconstriction, though standardized protocols are still needed.
Summary
This scoping review examined the mechanisms and clinical efficacy of contrast therapy for musculoskeletal painful conditions. The authors surveyed the existing literature to map the physiological rationale and therapeutic outcomes across various musculoskeletal disorders.
The review highlights the vascular pumping mechanism as the primary driver of benefit: heat causes vasodilation and increased blood flow, while cold triggers vasoconstriction and reduces inflammation. This alternating cycle is thought to accelerate metabolite clearance, reduce edema, and modulate pain signaling.
However, the review notes significant heterogeneity in protocols across studies. The authors call for standardized protocols and larger RCTs to establish definitive clinical guidelines. Despite these gaps, the available evidence supports contrast therapy as a safe, non-pharmacological option for musculoskeletal pain management.