Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use

Padayatty SJ, Sun H, Wang Y, et al (2004) Annals of Internal Medicine
high-dose-vitamin-c pharmacology
Title and abstract of Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use

Key Takeaway

NIH study showing oral vitamin C saturates at ~200mg doses, while higher oral doses are poorly absorbed - explaining why IV vitamin C achieves much higher blood levels.

Summary

This NIH pharmacokinetic study characterized vitamin C absorption and plasma levels after various oral and IV doses.

Key finding: oral vitamin C absorption is tightly controlled, with plasma levels plateauing around 220 µmol/L even with high oral doses. IV administration bypasses this limit and can achieve much higher concentrations.

Methods

  • Pharmacokinetic study
  • 7 healthy volunteers
  • Doses from 30mg to 2.5g oral
  • IV comparison arm

Key Results

  • Oral absorption saturates above 200mg
  • Maximum oral plasma level ~220 µmol/L
  • IV achieves 1000+ µmol/L
  • Rapid renal excretion of excess

Limitations

  • Small sample size
  • Healthy volunteers only
  • Single-dose kinetics

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Source

View on PubMed →

DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00010