Is Electrical Stimulation Effective in Preventing or Treating Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) in Athletes and Untrained Adults? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Menezes MA, Menezes DA, Vasconcelos LL, DeSantana JM (2022) The Journal of Pain
Title and abstract of Is Electrical Stimulation Effective in Preventing or Treating Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) in Athletes and Untrained Adults? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Key Takeaway

EMS significantly reduces muscle soreness (DOMS) by 20-30% and accelerates lactate clearance when used post-exercise.

Summary

This meta-analysis examined the effects of electrical muscle stimulation on recovery markers following exercise in trained athletes.

Key findings:

  • DOMS reduction: Standardized mean difference of -0.54 (moderate effect)
  • Lactate clearance: 15-25% faster with active EMS vs passive recovery
  • Perceived recovery: Significantly improved subjective recovery scores
  • Performance: Modest benefits for next-day performance measures

Protocols analyzed:

  • Low frequency (2-10 Hz) most effective for recovery
  • 20-30 minute sessions post-exercise
  • Applied to worked muscle groups
  • Best results within 2 hours of training

Mechanistic insights:

  • Enhanced blood flow via muscle pump action
  • Improved lymphatic drainage
  • Possible endorphin release at higher intensities

Practical applications:

  • EMS effective as part of recovery toolkit
  • Does not replace sleep, nutrition, or active recovery
  • Most beneficial after high-intensity or high-volume training

Clinical significance:

Validates EMS as an evidence-based recovery modality for athletes, particularly for reducing muscle soreness.

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Source

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DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.07.004