Effects of aspirin on risks of vascular events and cancer according to bodyweight and dose: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials

Rothwell PM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, et al. (2018) The Lancet
low-dose-aspirin aspirin cardiovascular weight dosing
Title and abstract of Effects of aspirin on risks of vascular events and cancer according to bodyweight and dose: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials

Key Takeaway

Low-dose aspirin (75-100mg) only provides cardiovascular benefit in people weighing under 70kg. Heavier individuals may need higher doses.

Summary

This landmark analysis pooled individual patient data from 10 randomized trials to examine how body weight affects aspirin's efficacy for cardiovascular prevention.

Key Findings:

Weight-Dependent Efficacy:

  • Low-dose aspirin (75-100mg) reduced vascular events by 23% in people weighing 50-69kg
  • No significant benefit was seen in people weighing 70kg or more on low-dose aspirin
  • People over 70kg actually had increased case fatality from first cardiovascular events on low-dose aspirin

Dose Recommendations by Weight:

  • 50-69kg: Low-dose (75-100mg) effective
  • 70-89kg: Higher doses (300-325mg) may be needed
  • 90kg+: Even higher doses possibly required

Cancer Prevention:

  • Low-dose aspirin reduced colorectal cancer risk only in those under 70kg
  • Higher doses needed for cancer prevention in heavier individuals

Implications:

This study fundamentally changed how aspirin should be prescribed, suggesting that one-size-fits-all dosing is inappropriate. The findings explain why some large trials showed no benefit, they used low doses in predominantly heavier populations.

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DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31133-4