Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy on Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function, and Quality of Life in Patients With Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.

Yang X, He H, Ye W, et al. (2020) Physical therapy
Title and abstract of Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy on Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function, and Quality of Life in Patients With Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.

Key Takeaway

PEMF therapy significantly improved pain, stiffness, and physical function in osteoarthritis patients compared to placebo across 15 randomized controlled trials.

Summary

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined 16 randomized placebo-controlled trials to determine whether pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy improves symptoms and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis. The authors searched multiple databases through April 2019 for English-language RCTs with symptom or quality-of-life outcomes.

Fifteen studies with complete data were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed significant benefits of PEMF over placebo for pain (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI 0.61-1.51), stiffness (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI 0.07-0.67), and physical function (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI 0.14-0.78). The effect on quality of life trended positive but did not reach statistical significance (SMD = 1.49, 95% CI -0.06 to 3.04).

Interestingly, specific PEMF parameters (frequency, intensity, duration) did not significantly influence outcomes, suggesting that the therapy works across a range of protocols. The authors concluded that PEMF provides meaningful short-term benefits for osteoarthritis symptoms, though longer-term effects and quality-of-life impacts require further study.

Methods

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
  • Database search through April 2019 (multiple databases)
  • 16 studies included in systematic review, 15 in meta-analysis
  • Patients with osteoarthritis (various joints)
  • Outcomes: pain, stiffness, physical function, quality of life
  • Standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect measure
  • Subgroup analyses by PEMF parameters

Key Results

  • Significant pain reduction vs placebo (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI 0.61-1.51)
  • Significant stiffness improvement (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI 0.07-0.67)
  • Significant physical function improvement (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI 0.14-0.78)
  • Quality of life improvement trended positive but not significant (SMD = 1.49, 95% CI -0.06 to 3.04)
  • PEMF parameters did not significantly influence symptom outcomes
  • Treatment duration not critical for pain management

Limitations

  • Evidence limited to short-term effects
  • Quality-of-life effects not conclusively demonstrated
  • High heterogeneity across studies
  • English-language studies only
  • Varied PEMF devices and protocols across trials
  • Most studies had relatively small sample sizes

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Source

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DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa054