FoundMyFitness
Huberman Lab
Ben Greenfield Life

Exogenous Ketones

15 episodes B

Episodes covering exogenous ketones — protocols, research, and expert discussions.

Supplemental ketone bodies (BHB salts or esters) that rapidly elevate blood ketones for cognitive enhancement, endurance performance, and metabolic benefits

Evidence-Based Take:

Exogenous ketones can rapidly elevate blood ketone levels without fasting or ketogenic dieting. There's legitimate research on cognitive effects, endurance performance, and therapeutic applications. However, they're expensive and effects are often modest.

What the Evidence Shows:

  • Blood ketone elevation: Yes, rapid and reliable
  • Cognitive enhancement: Some positive studies, especially in glucose-deprived states
  • Endurance performance: Mixed results, may help in some contexts
  • Appetite suppression: Yes, acute effect
  • Therapeutic uses: Promising research for epilepsy, Alzheimer's, TBI

Honest Assessment:

Exogenous ketones work - they do raise blood ketones and provide an alternative fuel source. Whether this translates to meaningful benefits depends on context. Most useful for: cognitive work during fasting, endurance events, therapeutic applications. Less useful as a general supplement or weight loss shortcut.

Science & Mechanisms

What Are Ketones?

Ketone bodies are produced by the liver when glucose is scarce: - Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) - primary ketone, most supplements use this - Acetoacetate - Acetone

Normal Ketosis:

  • Fasting: 0.5-3 mM blood BHB
  • Ketogenic diet: 1-5 mM
  • Prolonged fasting: 5-8 mM

Exogenous Ketones:

Bypass the need for fasting/keto diet - directly consume ketones: - Ketone salts: BHB bound to sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium - Ketone esters: BHB bound to butanediol (more potent, worse taste) - MCT oil: Precursor, converted to ketones (slower, less direct)

Why Ketones as Fuel:

  • Brain readily uses ketones (crosses blood-brain barrier)
  • More efficient fuel than glucose in some contexts
  • May reduce oxidative stress
  • Provides energy without insulin spike

Research Areas:

  • Cognitive: Improved focus, especially when fasted
  • Endurance: Glycogen sparing, potential "fourth fuel"
  • Appetite: BHB suppresses ghrelin (hunger hormone)
  • Therapeutic: Epilepsy (established), Alzheimer's (emerging), TBI (promising)

The Dom D'Agostino Research:

Dr. Dominic D'Agostino (USF) has extensively studied ketones for: - Navy SEALs (oxygen toxicity prevention) - Cancer metabolism - Neurological protection

Episodes

1
FoundMyFitness
#105 Exogenous ketones, my coffee protocol, and supplements for blood sugar regulation (Premium Member Q&A July 2025)
FoundMyFitness Rhonda Patrick 2025-08-05

Exogenous ketones deliver calm, focused energy by mimicking the brain effects of HIIT. Includes specific dosing for ubiquinol, berberine, alpha-lipoic acid, and vitamin K2, plus...

2
FoundMyFitness
#074 Dr. Dominic D'Agostino on Developing a Well-Designed Ketogenic Diet and Harnessing Its Benefits
FoundMyFitness Dr. Dominic D'Agostino 2022-04-28

Ketones are more than fuel—they're signaling molecules that spare muscle, reduce oxidative stress, and may benefit epilepsy and cancer. Covers the practical differences between ...

3
FoundMyFitness
#040 Dr. Eric Verdin on Ketogenic Diet Longevity, Beta-Hydroxybutyrate & HDAC Inhibitors
FoundMyFitness Dr. Eric Verdin 2017-12-13

Dr. Eric Verdin discusses ketogenic diet effects on longevity, beta-hydroxybutyrate as a signaling molecule, and the science behind ketosis for healthspan extension.

4
Huberman Lab
Essentials: How to Exercise for Strength Gains & Hormone Optimization | Dr. Duncan French
Huberman Lab Andrew Huberman 2025-09-18

The 6x10 protocol (6 sets of 10 reps with controlled rest) reliably boosts testosterone through training. Time your cold exposure strategically - it helps recovery but can blunt...

5
Ben Greenfield Life
A Fascinating Fireside Chat with Actor Luke Cook: Cyclical Keto, Ketones, Cold Plunges, Nootropics, Peptides & Living VITAL to the End!
Ben Greenfield Life Luke Cook 2025-10-09

In this live-recorded fireside chat from A Boundless Evening at HUME Los Angeles, actor Luke Cook (Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2) sits down with...

6
FoundMyFitness
#059 Aliquot #3: Q&A Mashup - Fasting
FoundMyFitness Rhonda Patrick 2020-09-08

True autophagy requires about 5 days of water fasting to cut IGF-1 by 50%, but fasting-mimicking compounds like resveratrol and spermidine can trigger similar pathways. Exercisi...

7
Huberman Lab
How Different Diets Impact Your Health | Dr. Christopher Gardner
Huberman Lab Dr. Chris Palmer 2025-05-12

Dr. Chris Palmer discusses how different dietary approaches impact physical and mental health, including metabolic psychiatry concepts.

8
Singletrack
Are Exogenous Ketones The Next Big Thing In Trail Running Nutrition?
Singletrack Michael Brandt 2023-02-25

HVMN founder Michael Brandt explains how exogenous ketones work as a fourth macronutrient alongside carbs, fats, and protein, offering endurance athletes a parallel energy pathw...

9
Healthful Pursuit Podcast
Exogenous Ketones & Whatever Diet You're Doing
Healthful Pursuit Podcast 2022-10-25

Leanne Vogel shares her updated perspective on exogenous ketones after years of personal use. She discusses how exogenous ketones can benefit people regardless of whether they f...

10
The Natural State with Dr. Anthony Gustin
159: Dr. Latt Mansor - The Latest Research on Exogenous Ketones for Improved Performance, Treating TBI and Alzheimer's, Fat Burning, and More
The Natural State with Dr. Anthony Gustin Latt Mansor 2022-11-07

HVMN research lead Dr. Latt Mansor, who holds a PhD in physiology from Oxford, joins Dr. Anthony Gustin to discuss the latest science on exogenous ketones. They trace the evolut...

11
Singletrack
Latt Mansor | Using Exogenous Ketones for Ultra Trail Running
Singletrack Latt Mansor 2023-07-31

Dr. Latt Mansor, HVMN's research lead with an Oxford PhD in physiology, joins the Singletrack podcast for a deep dive into exogenous ketone protocols for ultra trail running. He...

12
2 Keto Dudes
Exogenous Ketones (rebroadcast)
2 Keto Dudes 2019-11-18

Carl Franklin and Richard Morris, two software developers who reversed their type 2 diabetes through ketogenic diets, break down the science and marketing claims around exogenou...

13
Healthful Pursuit Podcast
Exogenous Ketones and Cravings
Healthful Pursuit Podcast 2017-05-28

Leanne Vogel reconsiders her earlier stance against exogenous ketones after meeting dozens of users on her book tour who reported significant benefits. She identifies the ideal ...

14
Healthful Pursuit Podcast
Exercising and Exogenous Ketones with Tiffany Summit
Healthful Pursuit Podcast Tiffany Summit 2019-08-04

Leanne Vogel interviews Tiffany Summit about her family's experience combining exogenous ketones with a ketogenic diet, particularly for managing her husband's type 2 diabetes. ...

15
2 Keto Dudes
Exogenous Ketones
2 Keto Dudes 2016-10-17

Software developers Carl Franklin and Richard Morris, both of whom reversed type 2 diabetes through ketogenic diets, examine the science behind exogenous ketone supplements in t...

Related Research

The Effects of Ketogenic Diets and Ketone Supplements on the Aerobic Performance of Endurance Runners: A Systematic Review.
Sun K, Choi YT, Yu CCW, et al. (2025)
Exogenous ketone supplements show no consistent benefit for running performance, though they may enhance fat oxidation and spare glycogen during endurance running.
Exogenous ketosis increases circulating dopamine concentration and maintains mental alertness in ultra-endurance exercise.
Poffé C, Robberechts R, Stalmans M, et al. (2023)
Ketone ester supplementation during 12 hours of ultra-endurance cycling preserved mental alertness and increased circulating dopamine levels compared to placebo.
Acute Ingestion of Ketone Monoesters and Precursors Do Not Enhance Endurance Exercise Performance
Brooks NE, et al. (2022)
Meta-analysis found no significant performance benefit from acute ketone supplementation for endurance exercise.
Exogenous Ketone Supplements in Athletic Contexts: Past, Present, and Future.
Evans M, McClure TS, Koutnik AP, et al. (2022)
Exogenous ketones reliably elevate blood BHB but evidence for direct athletic performance gains remains mixed, with potential benefits in recovery, cognitive function, and glycogen sparing.
Influence of Exogenous β-Hydroxybutyrate on Walking Economy and Rating of Perceived Exertion
James S, Kjerulf Greer B (2020)
Exogenous BHB supplementation raised blood ketone levels but did not improve walking economy, energy expenditure, or perceived exertion in healthy non-trained adults.
A ketone ester drink lowers human ghrelin and appetite
Stubbs BJ, Cox PJ, Evans RD, Cyrber P, Clarke K, Sherwood L (2018)
Ketone ester consumption acutely reduced ghrelin levels and subjective hunger in healthy adults, suggesting potential appetite-suppressing effects.