Studies

Effect of oil pulling on Streptococcus mutans count in plaque and saliva using Dentocult SM Strip mutans test: a randomized, controlled, triple-blind study

Oil pulling with sesame oil for 10 minutes daily reduced Streptococcus mutans (cavity-causing bacteria) in saliva by 20% after 2 weeks.

Asokan S (2008)

Effect of coconut oil in plaque related gingivitis - A preliminary report

Daily coconut oil pulling for 30 days significantly reduced plaque and gingivitis scores, with effects comparable to chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Peedikayil FC (2015)

Tongue cleaning methods: a comparative clinical trial employing a toothbrush and a tongue scraper

Tongue scrapers were more effective than toothbrushes at removing tongue coating and reducing volatile sulfur compounds that cause bad breath.

Pedrazzi V (2004)

The effectiveness of miswak (Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) practices in reducing plaque and gingivitis among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs shows miswak is comparable to toothbrushing for plaque (SMD 0.39, p=0.08) and gingivitis (SMD 0.13, p=0.37), with adjunctive miswak use significantly superior for both outcomes.

Ramli H (2022)

The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of chlorhexidine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Salvadora persica extracts demonstrate clear antiplaque and anticariogenic effects with Level Ia evidence and Class A recommendation strength, though inferior to chlorhexidine gold standard.

Jassoma E (2019)

The immediate antimicrobial effect of a toothbrush and miswak on cariogenic bacteria: a clinical study.

Miswak produces significantly greater reduction in Streptococcus mutans compared to toothbrushing (p=0.013), demonstrating immediate antimicrobial action from the chewing stick's bioactive compounds.

Almas K (2004)

Tongue scraping for treating halitosis.

Cochrane review of 2 trials (40 participants) finds tongue scrapers produce a statistically significant reduction in volatile sulfur compounds compared to toothbrushes, though evidence quality is weak.

Outhouse TL (2006)

Effectiveness of mechanical tongue cleaning on breath odour and tongue coating: a systematic review.

Systematic review of 5 studies (3 RCTs, 2 CCTs) confirms mechanical tongue cleaning reduces oral malodour and tongue coating when added to regular toothbrushing.

Van der Sleen MI (2011)

The short-term treatment effects on the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue in intra-oral halitosis patients--a randomized clinical trial.

Randomized crossover trial in 21 halitosis patients shows tongue scraping alone does not significantly reduce halitosis-associated bacteria, suggesting its primary benefit is mechanical debris removal rather than antimicrobial action.

Ademovski SE (2014)

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